That azhdarchids appear to have overcome this problem suggests that they had one of the most energy-efficient postures and gaits known in any pterosaur, and we speculate that strong specialisation to weight-bearing may have facilitated the evolution of exceptional size in the clade.
The paper finds that the lower overall corporate R&D intensity for the EU is the result of sector specialisation (structural effect) – the US has a stronger sectoral specialisation in the high R&D intensity (especially ICT-related) sectors than the EU does, and also has a much larger population of R&D investing firms within these sectors.
They argued that there is a strong link between specialisation, training and research and that recruitment is a significant issue.
The considerable sequence deviation from known taxa, reflected by the phylogenetically isolated position, suggest F. endolithicus as an endemic species for the Antarctic (Selbmann et al. 2005 ), where it occurs cryptendolithically in rocks, having a strong degree of extremotolerant specialisation (Onofri et al. 1999 ).
The absence of "facultative use of the primary host" constitutes a strong argument in favour of the fundatrix specialisation hypothesis, suggesting that host alternation loss involves a loss of the primary host, but not of the secondary host.
However, given the above evidence and the fact that the third African species, E. africanum is only found in drier savanna habitats than E. suaveolens, we can conclude that there is a strong association between species diversification and habitat specialisation in African Erythrophleum, suggesting that the differentiation of major gene pools can be explained by the ecological gradient hypothesis.
Although there are a few instances of convergence in phyllostomids [ 3, 4], the dietary divergence presents a strong phylogenetic structure [ 24, 36], where most specialisations occurred only once and many of the main lineages (recognised as subfamilies in most taxonomic studies [ 33]) are relatively homogeneous morphologically and ecologically.
14 20 44 50 In addition, extensive work has shown that physician experience has a strong impact on HIV-specific outcomes, 14 16 whereas our study focused on the impact of physician specialisation.
You may have a degree in sports science with a specialisation in one of the main disciplines such as nutrition, biomechanics, physiology, or psychology or have a strong background in one of the core scientific disciplines such as biology or physics.
Peri (2012) finds a strong positive association between immigration and state-level TFP, and explains one third to one half of this link to increased task specialisation by native workers.
In the wake of these measures, the Law of Orientation in agriculture introduced two distinct definitions for rural and quality agro-food districts, while maintaining a strong link with the basic concept of Local Production Systems (LPS), defined as "the homogeneous productive contexts characterised by both a high concentration of industrial enterprises and the specialisation of business systems".
