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Data shown in figures 2D and 5B allowed us to conclude that the promoter region between −335 bp and −392 bp contains a strong activating promoter element, whereas region between −108 bp and −204 bp contains a strong repressor element.
We subjected cells to a strong activating signal that induces them to produce high levels of IL-2 [ 24, 39].
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate had a strong activating effect at 2 10 mM CaCl2.
In a genome wide gain-of-function screen that covered nearly 27,000 genes, USP4, as well as USP11/USP15 were found to play a strong activating role in TGF-β/SMAD signaling.
Luciferase assays identified a strong activating element located at 5' promoter region, B, and two other activating elements within the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR), E and F. A repressive fragment, as represented by elements C and D, is located between the two activating elements, B and E (S Fig. 2B).
According to the mesocircuit hypothesis of forebrain dysfunction, the central thalamus, which has a strong activating role in driving cortical and striatal neurons (Schiff, 2010), is under tonic inhibition by GABAergic pallidal neurons (Grillner et al., 2005).
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cGAMP is a strong activator of STING that can activate IRF3 and subsequent type I interferon production.
Furthermore, the data shows, that promoter region upstream of −417 bp do not significantly contribute to the high basal activity of the studied CIP2A promoter in AGS cells, whereas, promoter region between −27 bp and −108 bp has a very strong activating element accounting for at least 50% of the total activity of the −1802 bp promoter.
To test whether a stronger activation domain can activate IL1RN, we fused a VP160 domain containing 10 tandem copies of VP16 motifs with dCas9 to generate dCas9VP160.
It is proposed for this model that, as a consequence of strong activating signal strength, T cells acquire full effector function and lose their potential to proliferate and survive.
These results were qualitatively similar to a combination of moderate and strong activating CM mutant alleles αTmA63V and cTnI R193H, which approached a functional threshold.
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