This is a very stringent assumption since for instance suboptimal peptides sharing the ligand binding-core are counted as negatives even though they could be presented on the HLA molecule.
In order to minimize bias in describing how the hazard of injury varies with experience, we employed multiple imputation (MI) techniques, which provide statistically valid results when the data are missing at random (MAR), a less stringent assumption about missingness that allows missingness to be correlated with observed variables only (e.g., gender) [ 26].
The reporting of all purchases may be an especially stringent assumption in the cigarette category, as packages of cigarettes may be purchased at locations such as bars and consumed before the panellist returns home.
The stringent assumption being that a correlation of two probe sets on different chromosomes represents a false positive (meaning that the transcript does not extend over different chromosomes).
Proof of Theorems 2 and 8 Fix 0 < p < 1 < c < 2, and an auxiliary constant c 1 with c < c 1 < 2. For the proof of Theorem 8, we make the more stringent assumption that c < c 1 < 3. We will show that as long as N is sufficiently large, there exists a p-c-chaotic and p-unstable N-dimensional bi-quadratic cooperative Boolean network.
In contrast, random models only need the less stringent assumption of missing at random (MAR).
Furthermore, others have stated that stringent assumption associated with this statistic, namely that the model should hold for the population, means that any deviation from this will potentially lead to the model being rejected erroneously [ 39].
Thanks to work on potential outcomes and the counterfactual theory of causality stemming from the early ideas of Hume (e.g., Rubin 1974)—a number of quasi-experimental strategies have emerged that (under a set of fairly stringent assumptions) offer the possibility of estimating a causal effect from data that arises from non-experimental research designs.
Since the denominator in (2.6) tends to zero exponentially as | ξ | → ∞, b is a "nice" function only under very stringent assumptions on a and hence on h ( t ).
While the use of CVA with small sample sizes is of some concern, we found that the results were qualitatively similar to those produced by Principal Components Analysis (PCA), a technique with less stringent assumptions.
