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Our results do not support the presence of a strict equivalent to an enamel knot in the small-spotted catshark tooth buds.
First, when this classification was formulated, necrosis (as defined by morphologic features) was considered as a strict equivalent of ACD, whereas apoptosis (as defined by morphologic features) was viewed as the sole programmed subroutine of cell death.
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Unlike the fixed charge (and its specificities), the floating charge has no strict equivalent in Spanish or French law.
MC models spanning the range from strict (equivalent to Var = 0 in eq. 5), through various flavors of correlated clock, to totally relaxed (Var are widely used in molecular phylogenetics (Thorne et al. 1998; Drummond et al. 2006; Drummond and Rambaut 2007; Drummond and Suchard 2010).
These conditions correspond to Lewis's rules of strict inference, adjunction and substitution of strict equivalents.
Theorem 6.2 Let x 0 be a strict minimizer in the equivalent vector optimization problem (EVP).
Assume that Slater's constraint qualification (SCQ) holds at x 0, then x 0 is a strict minimizer in the equivalent vector optimization problem (EVP).
In the limiting case of infinite spring stiffness, it is shown that the moving oscillator problem for a simply supported beam is not equivalent, in a strict sense, to the moving mass problem.
However, it seems difficult to give a strict proof for the above equivalent relation (1.6) and its related counterpart due to the lack of a uniform change of the coordinates independent of j.
BAM files for both phases of each species were then used to create a pileup file using samtools' "mpileup" function with a strict PHRED-scaled base quality cutoff of Q = 30 (equivalent to a 1/1,000 probability of incorrect base assignment).
Owing to worldwide deflation in the late 19th century, however, a strict gold standard had resulted in reduction of incomes without the equivalent reduction in debts, pushing debtors and the poor to call for silver coinage as an inflationary measure.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com