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(4) Solid-solution strengthening: the solubility of Cu in Al at RT is only ∼0.05 wt.% [31] and this does not have a strengthening effect at RT [32].
At 50 °C in ambient conditions with UV exposure selected to better simulate real-world environments devices were more resistant to fracture because of an interfacial strengthening effect from increased hydrogen bonding where UV-induced Zn(OH 2 formation reinforced the interface with P3HT PCBM.
The damping enhancement is attributed to the large shear deformation of the viscous soft matrix and the large strengthening effect from the rigid inclusion phase.
The metal with a low yield strength is easy to obtain a thicker hardened layer and a better surface strengthening effect, i.e., higher surface strengthening energy and lower surface strengthening exponent.
As a result, the synergistic strengthening effect of the GNPs and the precipitates is realized.
Strengthening can be divided in three regimes which show decreasing strengthening effect with an increasing CNT content.
The unique strain hardening primarily originates from the synergistic strengthening effect of the i-CTBs blocking and the L-C locks pinning on the glissile dislocation slip.
However, the strengthening effect of MWCNTs decreases with a further increase in the MWCNT weight fraction to 0.5 wt.%, as the compressive strength decreases from 4.56 to 2.7 MPa.
The strengthening effect of martensite lathes is more dominant in this steel than a small TRIP effect of (3%) γr.
The identified trends originate from an approximately parabolic dependence of two strengthening parameters to quantitatively predict the solid solution strengthening effect, i.e. the volume and slip misfit parameters.
Under tension, PBS was stiffer due to the strengthening effect derived from rigid ZnO particles.
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