In agreement with these results, we observed increased Tnfsf11 expression, encoding for RANKL, a stimulator of osteoclast activity, but a downregulation of Tnfrsf11b, a target gene of canonical Wnt signalling encoding the RANKL antagonist OPG (Glass et al., 2005).
Oxidative stress is a potent stimulator of the MAP kinase activities [ 14, 15, 51].
12 Belimumab (Benlysta) is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody which inhibits the activity of the soluble cytokine BLyS (B lymphocyte stimulator; also known as BAFF).
During breast cancer progression, angiogenesis occurs when the activity of stimulators exceeds that of inhibitors.
This receptor, belonging to the TNF superfamily, is expressed on osteoclasts and is a critical stimulator of the differentiation and functional activity of these cells and thus of promotion of bone resorption [ 1].
Moreover, while the IL3 is a potent stimulator of Lyn activity in Ba/F3 cells, it failed to stimulate Lyn activation in p185wt Abi1 shRNA cells.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a stimulator of TRPM2 channels [24] and was used to evoke TRPM2 activity in Ca2+ measurement assays.
Pregnenolone sulphate (PregS) is a stimulator of TRPM3 channels [28] and was used to evoke TRPM3 activity in Ca2+ measurement assays.
Consistent with the activity of activin in bone formation, inhibin A, an activin antagonist, works as an endocrine stimulator of bone mass in vivo by increasing osteoblastogenesis [ 79].
On the one hand, increased parathyroid hormone levels can impair the efficacy of the bisphosphonates on bone, as parathyroid hormone is a potent stimulator of osteoclast activity.
