These profiles exhibit gross features that are very similar to those revealed by the UAVs and balloons, i.e., a nearly moist (saturated) adiabatic gradient capped by a steep (negative) humidity gradient, and a temperature inversion above 800 hPa (~ 2.2 2.4 km) and a drier layer above.
When the DGT devices are deployed in a water of low major cation concentrations (∑[cations]≤2×10−4 M), a steep negative concentration gradient of Na+ across the diffusive layer as well as small positive concentration gradients of the other cations develop.
There exists a steep negative-temperature gradient from the core toward what are typically uneven tumor margins.
We performed a further anova on the effect of cortical depth on the slope of the response, which revealed a significant effect of cortical depth (F9,54 = 5.4; P < 0.001), with steeper (negative) gradients at recording sites 0.8 1.2 mm below the brain surface, i.e. around the same depth that the maximum LFPs were recorded (Fig. 5D).
Based on hardness analysis as a function of depth into the specimen, the thickness of layers with a steep hardness gradient has a negative correlation with the initial surface hardness in the tests using different materials.
The minimization is realized numerically by applying a steepest descent step that calculating the negative gradient of the loss function7,10.
In the rolling tests of different materials (Fig. 8a), for the layers displaying a steep hardness gradient, the thickness of these layers has a negative correlation with the initial surface hardness, while the hardness increments have a positive one.
The Station View pitch has a steep, lateral gradient, but this could never have been a slippery slope for Bristol City.
The narrow (0.5 mm width) bridge produces a steep linear gradient and the wide (1.0 mm) bridge a less steep gradient, but both are stable through 24 hours.
A steep thermal gradient on a thin agar plate was established as described previously [13].
We created a thermotaxis setup as described previously using a steep thermal gradient on a thin agar plate [20].
