Additionally, given random initial conditions, competing communities always produce a steady species ratio of either 1 0 or 0 1; mutualistic communities always result in an equal 1 1 ratio, while neutralistic communities lead to a random species ratio between 1 0 and 0 1.
As shown in Table 2, a steady state ratio of 70 75% cortisol to 25 30% cortisone was reached in cells expressing 11β-HSD1, independent of whether cortisone or cortisol were supplied initially.
ϕ G * is the fraction occupancy of G that leads to equal fitness of the two populations and thereby result in a steady state ratio within the interaction neighborhood.
pMHC II internalize and reach a steady state ratio (80% at the surface, 20% intracellular) within 5 min, which indicates that cells possess efficient recycling machinery to maintain this distribution.
The output of these interactions might be a steady state ratio of the different complexes and free molecules, which determine the degree of pluripotency of the ES cell population: if Tcf3>Oct4, there is a higher probability of differentiation; if Oct4>Tcf3, there is a higher probability of self-renewal (Fig. 8).
Because of the linear relation between the deformation field and pressure changes (or amount of dislocationslip) and the nonlinear relation between the deformation field and the source position, the observed unidirectional tilt changes and the steady ratio strongly suggest that the position of the deformation source did not change during the period of interest.
At ϕ G *, two populations grow at the same rate and population ratio is fixed at R: G = (1 − ϕ G * ): ϕ G *. Similar analysis shows the existence of a stable partner ratio under commensalism G R. A steady-state ratio ϕ G * can exist under exploitation.
Slowed growth of converted cells can act as a form of selection, balancing unidirectional conversion to maintain both cell types at a steady-state ratio.
Instead, biomarker based risk assessments typically rely on the simplifying but unrealistic steady-state assumption, multiplying each individual's biomarker concentration by a steady-state ratio in order to estimate constant exposure rates.
Because the goal of our regression analysis was to use the serum and water data to estimate a steady-state ratio, and not the V d, we used the Butenhoff estimate from monkeys in the pharmacokinetic model rather than the Thompson estimate from the same community.
To determine whether pooling of these two studies is reasonable, we examined the Hg levels of the study populations in these two studies by converting them to the same biomarker using a steady-state ratio from Ohno et al. (2007) (2.44 μg Hg/g hair per μg Hg/g toenail).
