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With a standard deviation of 20 points, a standardized difference of 0.8 was calculated, resulting in a minimum sample size of 50 patients.
Units of measure for outcomes of airway remodeling were different between studies hence a standardized difference in means was applied.
17 Although there is no consensus on a standard threshold to consider as an acceptable balance, a standardized difference of less than 10% or 0.1 to indicate negligible differences between groups has been suggested.
The pathways are ranked based on a standardized difference score (z-score) using the expected value and standard deviation of the number of differentially expressed genes in a pathway under a hypergeometric distribution.
Therefore, the mean and standard deviation of this distribution can be used to calculate a standardized difference value (Diffst) per gene and a P-value for this standardized difference can be obtained from the normal distribution.
A standardized difference <10% indicates excellent covariate balance.
Similar(5)
The significance of any deviations from mutation-drift equilibrium was based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and a standardized differences test.
A trial with 60 participants would provide a power of 80%% to detect a 0.72 standardized difference at a two-sided significance level of 5%%.
Sample-size calculations indicated that 100 papers provide an 80% power to test a 55% standardized difference.
For easier reading, we show only the bias for explanatory variables that present a high standardized difference (10 or higher) in the unmatched sample.
Given the previous literature on the effects of CBT for panic disorder we considered a mean standardized difference at or below d = 0.20 as the criteria for equivalence for the main outcome measure PDSS.
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