Obviously, clustering evaluation is a stand-alone process that is not included within clustering task.
Hazard characterization, either as part of a risk assessment or as a stand-alone process, is iterative.
These guidelines are limited to hazard characterization, considered either as a stand-alone process or as a component of MRA.
This present document is intended to provide a practical framework and a structured approach for the characterization of microbiological hazards, either in the context of a full microbiological risk assessment or as a stand-alone process.
While empirical modelling and control design can be easier for stand-alone process units, it can be a very challenging task for units with recycle.
In this paper it is shown that a newly developed and highly successful technique which uses the state-dependent Riccati equation method for controlling the stand-alone process also has a similar potential when applied in the continuous case, where the weld passage occurs at reduced speed and the product characteristics change quickly on the fly.
This concept is also being used in the Swedish pilot plant in Örnsköldsvik, SEKAB [ 24], where two-stage acid hydrolysis is used either as a stand-alone hydrolysis process or as a pretreatment for the enzymatic hydrolysis process.
Finally, the long-term performance of the selected membranes for direct contact membrane distillation as a stand-alone desalination process was investigated.
This review is the first work that provides a comprehensive description of the contributions for the single-feedstock energy systems and the hybrid feedstock energy systems, for single stand-alone processes and energy supply chain networks.
It can function as a stand-alone planning process, or it can be used to integrate climate change into existing decision-making and strategic planning processes.
Moreover, the lack of the process as a stand-alone concept in the OO modeling approach is a major hindrance for modeling biological systems, which are mostly process-intensive.
