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Thirty patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive either a fiber-reinforced composite retainer or a spiral wire retainer extended on the lingual surfaces of both maxillary and mandibular arches from canine to canine.
It's bound at the top with a spiral wire.
A spiral wire called the fetal scalp electrode is placed just beneath the skin of the fetal scalp.
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A platinum spiral wire was used as a cathode electrode.
An indium-tin-oxide (ITO -coated glass substrate (wITO -coated resistance of 4–8 Ω) was used as the workinglassctrode with an exposubstrateof 10 × 5 mm2, withe a Pt sheetl wiresistanceas the cofnter electrode.
The plain silicone tubing is reinforced by a stainless steel spiral wire.
The polyethylene woven ribbon (Ribbond, Seattle, WA, USA) retainer was compared with a 0.0175-in flexible spiral wire (Respond, Ormco, Glendora, CA, USA) retainer.
It was shown that 64% of the maxillary radiographs in the spiral wire group reported a positive value, while in 60% of the maxillary periapical radiographs in the fiber-reinforced group, the PDL had either widened or remained unchanged in its diameter.
Platinum spiral wire was used as a cathode electrode.
In the studies conducted by Dahl and Zachrisson[21], the spiral wire was employed as a fixed retainer in the maxillary arch and showed a higher failure rate than in the mandibular arch.
NEA and NEA/GOD were used as working electrode, Ag/AgCl was used as reference electrode, and a spiral platinum wire acted as a counter electrode.
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