Exposure of cells to hexavalent chromium compounds causes a spectrum of DNA damage which can be selectively altered by pretreatment of cells with antioxidant vitamins prior to chromium exposure.
Bone tissue is a complex, mineralised, fibre-reinforced porous composite material that displays regional anisotropy at multiple levels of organisation [13] [17] and which exists within a spectrum of tissue damage and repair [18] [21].
It is clear that septic shock can be associated with a spectrum of cerebral damage and dysfunction [ 1- 3].
Early active demyelinating lesions in both NMO and a subgroup of CPM patients are characterized by a spectrum of astrocytic damage, AQP4 loss, retention of small GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes with fewer and shorter processes, intramyelinic edema and apoptosis of oligodendrocytes with secondary demyelination.
This immune dysregulation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality manifesting as an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular events, metabolic disorders and a spectrum of other organ damage.
Ionizing radiations (IR) induce a large spectrum of damages that irradiated cells have to counteract by activating complex response pathways.
The lifetime seismic damage cost is then computed with designer-specified confidence level dependent percentile exceedance probabilities of prescribed drift ratio limits that demarcate a spectrum of performance levels with varied damage states.
AAV comprises granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and Churg Strauss syndrome (CSS), which share a spectrum of clinical manifestations reflecting necrotizing damage to small- and medium-sized vessels [ 1, 2].
The spectrum of damage ranges from constrictive pericarditis, significant valvular defects, to reduced systolic dysfunction.
"The child with severe neurological damage possesses a spectrum of complications, which can be anything from impaired motor functions, eyesight, hearing problems, and arthrogryposis, which are deformities of the extremities," Van Der Linden said.
GCP, also previously referred to as benign gastric pseudotumor, generally presents as a spectrum of hyperplastic and metaplastic changes following damage to the gastric mucosa.
