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Measurement error is simulated to be normally distributed on the log-scale, with zero mean and a specified variance.
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If the data were available to support doing so, the mapping between each forward ratchet and relative distance moved could be drawn from a distribution having a mean of ~1 μm and some specified variance.
This semi-Bayesian hierarchical regression analysis uses prior covariates that help explain the mean of the ensemble of estimates and a specified prior variance of the distribution.
When planning a study with repeated measures, scientists must specify variance and correlation patterns among the repeated measurements.
Failing to specify variance and correlation patterns aligned with the ones that will be seen in the proposed study can lead to incorrect power analysis [ 1].
In conventional performance-adaptive methods, control systems are designed such that the variance of the control error is less than or equal to a specified value and the variance of the differences in the control input is minimized without changing the acceptable variance value of the control error.
The optimum sampling design can be defined in two ways: 1. minimizing cost for a specified level of precision, or 2. minimizing variance for a specified cost.
In the case where we have a focal QTL, we keep the focal QTL effect size constant and scale the other QTL effect sizes this requires iteration until the genetic variance is close to the target genetic variance, within a specified tolerance.
minimizing variance for a specified cost.
For cross-sectional data, only the mean and the variance of a specified univariate distribution need to be estimated.
We employ PCA to reduce the large volume of TSPA indicators to a few indices appropriately constructed from the common variance of a specified set of health system strength indicators.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com