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These expansions are likely representative for a specific detoxification gene repertoire in O. brumata.
Of note, Cyp1b1, known as the main Cyp isoform expressed at the blood brain barrier in both rat and human [ 73, 74], may have a specific detoxification function at the choroid plexus in early development, as its expression is highest in the pre- and postnatal period.
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The significance of the study is to provide a better understanding of mechanisms for the specific detoxification and degradation of ATR residues in rice growing in environmentally relevant ATR-contaminated soils and may hold a potential engineering perspective for generating ATR-resistant rice that helps to minimize ATR residues in crops.
Specific detoxification mechanisms, such as metallothionein (MT) proteins, have an important role in the defense against cadmium toxicity.
We next considered the activities of other enzymes, including SOD and CAT, which are involved in the specific detoxification of H2O2.
All in all, this type of analysis was useful to dissect the down-regulation of specific detoxification enzymes from the broader signal of down-regulation of oxidative metabolism (Warburg Effect).
The use of specific detoxification enzyme inhibitors suggested that resistance of larvae to temephos is linked to carboxylesterases and to a lesser extent P450s and GSTs.
Susceptibility to the toxic effects of SSZ and other sulfonamides may be due to the interaction of metabolic pathways regulating N-acetylation and specific detoxification of the metabolites of the drug [ 32, 33].
In order to assess whether this similarity in permethrin tolerance was correlated with expression of specific detoxification genes, labelled RNA from both sexes of the susceptible Kisumu strain was co-hybridised to the detox chip.
Therefore, knowledge of expression and activity of xenobiotic and drug metabolizing enzymes in lung tissue of smokers gives us a better understanding of metabolically induced toxicity of tobacco smoke constituents and allows us to assess the capacity for tissue specific detoxification.
Previous analyses leading to the identification of yeast genes conferring increased resistance to lignocellulose hydrolysis-derived phenolic inhibitors focused mostly on genes related to the specific detoxification of these compounds through their enzymatic conversion into less toxic compounds (reviewed in Liu [ 9]).
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