Sentence examples for a spatial trends from inspiring English sources

a: Spatial trends of annual PDSI and b, c: correlations between the seasonal and annual series.

f n : 2-dimensional smooth function for modeling a spatial trend.

The validation was conducted for the model including no spatial trend function (Eq. 8.3), the model with a spatial trend function of low dimension (Eq. 8.4) and the model with a trend function of optimal dimension concerning AIC (Eq. 8.51).

In addition, individual tree volume was increased in the direction northeast to southwest to deliberately create a spatial trend in-stand volume variation.

The curves of temperature sum in growing season reveal increasing trends over time for all regions as well as a spatial trend with increasing values from west to east (Figure 2A).

The implementation of a spatial trend function of low dimension into the model (Eq. 8.4) removed the spatial dependencies for larger distances but significant deviations remained up to a distance of approximately 1 500 m (Figure 9B).

The models with a spatial trend function of approximately 125 edf for each of the different distribution assumptions (Eqs. 7.5, 8.5, 9.6) were validated in more detail by qqplots (Figure 4) of the randomized quantile residuals.

This novel approach allowed us to describe the joint variation of the observations and predictions as: (i) independent random variation that occurred at a fine spatial scale; (ii) correlated random variation that occurred at a coarse spatial scale; (iii) systematic variation associated with a spatial trend.

By way of example, the general definition of a gam that contains a spatial trend function is given below for the Poisson regression model (Eq. 4): g λ i = η i = β 0 + f 1 x i 1 + … + f k x ik + f n eas t i, nort h i (4).

Lastly, does a spatial trend in diversity levels occur in C. pica?

We demonstrated a spatial trend in peak timing of influenza; western states such as Nevada, Utah, and California peaked earlier and New England States such as Rhode Island, Maine, and New Hampshire peaked later.