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A trend was described in the genome of S. japonicum whereby a 'newly evolved' gene served as a source locus for dispersed duplication events leading to the formation of several expressed genes with similar transcription core promoter region and signal sequence.
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However, since we were unable to find any parental homolog in the available genome data and proteomes, and because gene duplication produces a diverse set of progeny loci with varied degrees of homology to an ancestral source locus when it exists [ 9], we performed a comparative sequence analysis on the 34 contigs as representatives of the gene loci.
The most prominent example of alternative splicing was observed in the duplication source locus [GenBank CABF01020060], which was found to be able to produce a protein-coding mRNA [GenBank:AY570737] in addition to a non-coding mRNA transcript variant [GenBank:FN328299].
Alignment of the other contigs to the putative duplication source locus revealed that both the dispersed similar signal sequence and the repeat elements are considerably aligned at very similar positions, further showing that they were likely duplicated from a single source locus.
We therefore recruited two contigs [GenBank CABF01020061 and GenBank CABF01020062] downstream of the source locus based on genome assembly information, thereby generating at least 5 kb flanking sequences on either side of the duplication source locus.
Because homology with the other duplicates did not terminate 3' of this putative source locus, we recruited and adjoined two contigs [GenBank CABF01020061 and GenBank CABF01020062] downstream of the putative source locus according to the genome assembly information, thereby creating flanking sequences of at least 5 kilo-basepairs on each side of the gene duplication source locus.
Taken together, our data show that the duplication source locus was flanked on either side by RTE-like and Perere class retrotransposons.
When the contigs were aligned with the putative source locus, homology was not lost till the 3' end of the aligned sequences.
We observed preponderance of flanking repetitive elements (REs), albeit partial copies, especially of the RTE-like and Perere class at either side of the duplication source locus.
An almost full copy of SjR2 was found upstream of the coding region of the putative source locus in addition to other six albeit partial copies of SjR2.
RT-PCR results provide evidence of the transcription of some of the duplicons at their new genomic sites in addition to the source locus.
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