It is a"soft modeling" approach requiring very few distributional assumptions, variables can be numerical, ordinal or nominal, and no need for normality assumptions, while covariance-based SEM is a "hard modeling" with heavy distribution assumptions.
For these – exploratory – purposes a soft modelling package with soft or relaxed assumptions about data is used.
Three different kinetic models, a simplified soft model, a concentration-based model and an activity-based model were developed and validated against the experimental data and by a penetration type mass transfer model in order to analyze the absorption rate and understand the reaction process.
The aim of this paper is to solve a portfolio selection problem using Sharpe's single index model in a soft framework.
In the jargon of population genetics, the scramble competition model is a soft selection model while the interference competition model is a hard selection model (e.g., [ 39]).
The model is usually clay rather than plaster because if the forms of the sculpture are at all complex it is easier to remove a plaster mold from a soft clay model than from a model in a rigid material, such as plaster.
While the genetic model presented here is a soft selection model (i.e., each local population contributes to the next generation independently of its mean relative fitness), the integration of demographic processes (i.e., the demo-genetic model) clearly adds a hard selection component (since the size and contribution of demes partly depend on their genetic loads).
Multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) [5] is an iterative soft modeling resolution method that has been successfully applied to solve many mixed dynamic processes monitored spectrometrically, such as chromatographic runs [6, 7], biomacromolecular reactions [8, 9], voltammetric data, and environmental data [10, 11, 12].
This study presents a soft sensing model of coal moisture for utility boilers.
To determine the lower limit of sonographic detection of FB using current emergency ultrasound equipment in a soft tissue model.
