In nine mitoses, a very small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) was found besides the monosomy X (Additional file 8).
There was also a qualitative advantage of CMA, as the origin of small supernumerary marker chromosomes and derivatives was readily determined.
This missing region contains subunit a (or ATPase-6), the N-terminal region of subunit b and six small supernumerary subunits, e, f, g, 6.8 kDa proteolipid (known as 6.8PL) and ATP8 (or A6L) [ 18, 19].
To characterize the small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) present in the female member of an infertile couple who has no further clinical symptoms.
Finally, small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC) were found in six (0.34%) cases.
AD-iPS5 was found to harbour next to monosomy of the X chromosome, small supernumerary marker chromosoms (circle).
Other such small supernumerary marker chromosomes, defined as structurally abnormal chromosomes that cannot be identified or characterized unambiguously by conventional banding techniques alone, are also present in only a subset of cells in the majority of affected individuals [ 8].
We observed a similar, albeit stronger, phenotype in lrrk NS flies, where the synaptic overgrowth was mostly observed as small supernumerary satellite boutons surrounding the larger normal boutons (Fig. 7H vs 7G; Fig. 7K).
neurogenin1 mutants lack both afferent axons and peripheral glia (Andermann et al., 2002; López-Schier and Hudspeth, 2005) but develop small, supernumerary neuromasts with normal hair-cell morphology, planar polarity, and capacity for regeneration (Nagiel et al., 2008).
It is likely that Otolin 1a (Murayama et al., 2005), β-Tectorin (Yang et al., 2011) and Otogelin-like (Yariz et al., 2012) are components of the zebrafish otolithic membrane, based on variable phenotypes (small, fused, supernumerary or untethered otoliths) seen in morphants for these genes.
