It is important to note that the small tissue biopsies used in the LIPSSS experiment only covered a relatively small cardiac region, in contrast to the physiological blood-gas measurements which covered the entire left ventricle.
Kim et al. compared reconstruction methods in a small animal cardiac PET study and concluded that OSEM3D provides better image quality and reduced image noise, compared with FBP [30].
Adult CMs are terminally differentiated, and thus it is not possible to expand them to sufficient numbers starting from small cardiac biopsies.
Non-ECG-synchronised CT provides a fast acquisition of the cardiac and extracardiac structures in patients with CHD but lacks the visualisation of small cardiac and coronary structures because of heart motion artefacts (Fig. 1).
The main ventricular venous tributaries include the anterior interventricular vein, lateral cardiac vein, posterior ventricular vein (not shown), middle cardiac vein (also known as the posterior interventricular vein) and small cardiac vein.
RA, right atrium; CS, coronary sinus; GCV, great cardiac vein; SCV, small cardiac vein; MCV/PIV, middle cardiac vein/posterior interventricular vein; LCV, lateral cardiac vein; AIV, anterior interventricular vein; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LM, left marginal artery; RCA, right coronary artery; PDA, posterior descending artery; AtV, atrial vein; TV, valve of Thebesius.
Endogenous ANG II was found to enhance B1R expression via AT1 receptor in endothelium of small cardiac arteries and cardiomyocytes in two-kidney-one-clip hypertensive rats [51].
Acetylsalicylic acid in small "cardiac" doses and beta-blockers seem to be safe drugs in pregnancy.
From appendages, small cardiac muscles, trabeculae, were isolated to measure basal and β-adrenergic stimulated myocardial function.
It should be stressed that small cardiac defects close spontaneously in 30% to 50% of the cases.
