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We consider the high-frequency Helmholtz equation with a given source term, and a small absorption parameter α>0.
A simple approach is used to measure the reduced scattering coefficient μs′ of a thick turbid medium having a small absorption coefficient μa′⪡ μs′.
According to Fig. 4, ER of the TE mode gradually decreases with increasing Wp due to the overlap between the guided mode and the carrier accumulation layer decreased, leading to a small absorption in carrier accumulation layers.
For the as-synthesised powders, a small absorption band around 1,622 cm−1 for P8 is characteristic of absorbed water or hydroxyl group (O H stretching) in ethanol.
Recently, research and development in photodetectors have been mainly focused on nanostructures; a small absorption region with a high surface area to volume ratio not only contributes to a short transport time and thus higher response speed but also allows for better structural compatibility with scaling-down devices [3 6].
Using 3555 Monte Carlo simulations, we estimated the sensitivity of individual continuous-wave NIRS measurements to brain activity over the entire adult human head by introducing a small absorption perturbation to brain gray matter and quantifying the influence of scalp and skull thickness on this sensitivity.
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Moreover, the photoelectrodes with the TiO2/graphene/TiO2 sandwich structure have a smaller absorption edge, as presented in Figure 3, so the DSSC with the TiO2/graphene/TiO2 sandwich structure can absorb light over a wide range of wavelengths and, therefore, has a higher Voc. Figure 6 Photovoltaic performance of DSSCs fabricated with different structures.
Also, the formation of clusters has an effect on the absorption coefficient, at higher anticoagulant concentration, we found a smaller absorption coefficient.
A smaller absorption peak at 930 nm, consistent with the presence of lipid [ 21], was visible in spectra that exhibited prominent absorption peaks at 1210 nm.
One solution to overcome this problem would be to use a Raman instrument with a different laser, with a smaller absorption cross section for the green pigments.
The SO4 2− absorption bands (near 1125 and 625 cm−1) split into some narrow sharp peaks, the absorption bands become weaker, and a new small absorption peak centered about 500 cm−1 appears, which corresponds to the characteristic vibration peaks of Ln–O bond in the prepared product.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com