It looks as though they have evolved by repeated duplication from a single "grandmother" gene, followed by specialisation to do slightly different jobs.
In a similar manner to changes in the organisation of social care two decades before, 22 the continuous care of a single individual has been replaced by a system of narrower specialisation and oversight, with the GP or district nurse taking the role of a 'case manager'.
The resistance was never a single group; numerous groups evolved divided by political affiliation, geography or specialisation.
Our bodies grow from a single cell – a fertilised egg – by cell division accompanied by increasing cell specialisation.
Interestingly, gene duplication in the lineage that gave rise to trypanosomes has lead to the specialisation of these roles into 2 distinct proteins, which in organisms such as Giardia are found in a single gene [18].
In broader ecological terms, there is also the potential to map dietary differences determined by stable isotopes on to measures of availability of prey in order to understand the potential for dietary specialisation to maintain species barriers, or to act to make hybrids unfit, through a failure to effectively occupy a single trophic niche within a habitat.
This, in turn, has paved the way for greater specialisation: the expert in the most minute aspect of design can apply their insight in several countries in the space of a single working day.
"A single thing, a single life".
Alternatively, hospital specialisation is measured as the proportion of a hospital's total admissions during a circumscribed period that have a specific procedure (for example, hip replacement surgery) or fall into a single disease category, such as orthopaedics.
8 9 10 11 Hospital specialisation differs from hospital volume and can be defined as the proportion of a specific hospital's admissions falling into a single disease category for example, orthopaedics.
