We simulated observations from single populations using the model described above.
Population structure was analyzed using a χ sum statistic for 99 unlinked markers, estimation of Wright's coefficient FST assuming a single population, and using the program Structure (41).
We have simulated an outbreak in a single population by using a relatively simple model.
No loci had γ1 equal to 0. Expected heterozygosity (H e ) was estimated for each microsatellite locus by treating all 1,048 individuals in the calibrated HGDP-CEPH data set as a single population and using the estimator.
Two types of GP algorithms were employed: 1) standard GP, where a single population is used with a restricted or an extended function set, and 2) multi-population (island model) GP, where a finite number of populations is adopted.
Though the mixed model recognizes the heterogeneous nature of the data by allowing each individual to have his/her own intercept and slope, it assumes that all individuals come from a single population and uses an average trajectory for the entire population.
The assignment of a SNP/gene to a particular pathway using a single population is done using a significance threshold which is loose enough to allow multiple assignments from that population, but not stringent enough for an acceptable FDR in the single population.
Sample size of the study participants was determined using a single population proportion formula using prevalence of 0.76, 5 alpha at 0.05 and CI at 95%. n = ((Z α / 2 2 ) (P (1 − P ) ) d 2 ) The calculated sample size (n) =280.
