The model simulates the introduction and transmission of measles strains with new genotypes into a population in which, in the absence of importations, a single dominant measles genotype is circulating.
One possibility is the importation of a single G12 strain into Hungary, which subsequently spread in the population.
This implies the need to actively manage population immunity for all three serotypes rather than focusing on a single serotype to reduce the immediate risks of importation outbreaks and cVDPV ermergence and the risks of type 2 cVDPV emergence following the planned cessation of type 2-containing OPV use [ 4, 8, 40, 41].
The dogs had only received a single CDV vaccination either one week or one month before importation to Switzerland.
Appearing in an Ottawa court on Wednesday (May 4), Raymond Lahey, 70, pleaded guilty to a single charge of "possession (of child pornography) for the purposes of importation".
While some countries reported outbreaks caused by a single strain, other countries experienced epidemics that were caused by multiple importations of unrelated strains.
More importantly, in the context of managing population immunity that focuses on prevention [ 4], Figure 1b shows that with all else equal, a single pSIA round, as considered in 2009 [ 4], prevents the outbreak following the WPV1 importation from India [ 14] into Tajikistan, because it raises population immunity high enough over the threshold to prevent substantial transmission.
Further details of the calculations are provided in the Additional file 1. Figure 3a summarizes the proportion of simulations of measles transmission in a single city in which the different patterns in genotype persistence and replacement occurred, for different levels of vaccination coverage and assuming a low importation rate (1/million/year).
