We found that training programs generally fell into two categories: longer training programs covering multiple competencies and shorter training programs targeting a single research competency.
We averaged competency in obesity counseling and treatment across all 15 items to arrive at a single overall competency score and created 5 sub-scores by averaging items within each of the 5A's competency areas [ 9].
Of six training programs focusing on a single research competency, four focused on research ethics [ 14, 15, 19, 22] and one focused on systematic reviews [ 17], whereas the other one targeted data management and analysis skills [ 20].
For example, scientific method and theory, literature review methods, and proposal development were three clusters that were ultimately associated with a single core competency: "pose innovative and important research questions, informed by systematic reviews of the literature, stakeholder needs, and relevant theoretical and conceptual models".
It also adapts the single competency framework provided by the United Kingdom national prescribing centre (NPC, 2012) to be utilised by the respiratory therapist for a safe prescribing process for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to control adult asthma as an example.
At least half of respondents believed that each of the three competency areas is important for practitioners, policy-makers and academic researchers alike, thus indicating that a single list of competencies for all three profiles of patient safety researchers should be retained in version 0.3.
PIEM was sometimes viewed negatively due to lack of competency of a single and isolated professional and therefore a relatively infrequent situation or to particular situations with patients highly vulnerable to pain.
Deriving training content from a single set of cross-cutting competencies offers both theoretical and practical advantages over utilization of distinct competency sets for each type of healthcare worker being trained.
For example, a competency statement describing the implementation of a drug treatment guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) would include individual competencies relating to pre-drug assessment, titration, and monitoring, as well as an estimate of the time required per annum to complete these competencies for a single child.
All other competencies were mentioned only by a single article.
Various unit-based training functions were merged into a single unit, which defined critical technical and behavioral competencies [ 20].
