There was a significant difference in transverse forces in the middle five minutes between the first and second massage bouts in both immediate (p < 0.0001) and delayed groups (p = 0.0213) as shown in Figure 5a and 5b, respectively.
As shown in Figure 5a, there was a significant difference in transverse forces during the first 5 min in the immediate group between the first and second massage bout (p < 0.0001) and between the second and third bout (p = 0.028).
ANOVA analysis showed that MLL group (p < 0.0001 for both first and middle 5 min), MLL bout (p < 0.0001 for both first and middle 5 min), and the interaction of day and group (p = 0.0002 for first 5 min, p = 0.0006 for middle 5 min) had a significant effect on transverse forces.
In addition, the wave directionality has a significant influence on the transverse force.
Both frequency and compressive force had a significant effect on resultant transverse force (p < 0.001 for both).
If a constant transverse force acts at each point of a beam, the transverse displacements (Y x,t)) satisfy the equation frac{partial^{2} Y}{partial t^{2}}=-a^{2}frac{partial^{2} Y}{ partial x^{2}}+F x).
In the case of an anisotropic surface, the tip is subjected to a transverse force which can be also measured by considering the torsion of the cantilever [13].
If the beam is clamped in a horizontal position at the end furthest from view (grey rectangle), and a transverse force is applied at the other end (in this case upwards), then the beam's resistance is defined by the scalar transverse stiffness, EIxx, which is the product of the Young's modulus, E, and the area moment of inertia, Ixx.
Bending is caused by a transverse force considered to avoid the lateral buckling.
When increasing the compressive force of MLL, we observed a 33% increase in transverse force at a frequency of 0.25 Hz and a 43% increase in transverse force at a frequency of 0.5 Hz.
