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Most have tough, more or less whorled leaves with toothed or spiny margins or a sharp apex.
The ordinary polycrystalline W needle has a sharp apex manufactured by electrochemical etching in 1 N KOH solution, which is shown in upper right of Fig. 2.
The ELFIN code can calculate any electric field at a sharp apex with high precision by using of an original analytical integral method, not an ordinary finite element method.
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They have a very sharp apex of the order of few nanometers while their base and lengths are of few hundred nanometers.
We could create the W nanotip with an extremely sharp apex, under carrying out field emission experiment for ordinary polycrystalline W needle coated with h-BN thin film.
We appreciate Mr. Yano of ELF Corp. for supplying the electromagnetic field simulation code ELFIN, in order to calculate the electric field at an extremely sharp apex of the W needle.
We confirmed that the field emission electrons emitted only from the most top of the sharp W needle. (3) We could create the W nanotip with an extremely sharp apex, under carrying out field emission experiment for ordinary polycrystalline W needle coated with h-BN thin film.
The library had a sharp peak at 22 nt, with a secondary broad peak ranging from 24 to 30 nt that apexed at 26 27 nt.
Triangular cross section displayed better performance in the region with counter flows thanks to its sharp apex.
We plan to carry out future experiments to determine precisely the orientation of the single crystalline W. In any case, the extreme sharp apex seems to grow on the top of ordinary polycrystalline W needle.
The emitters had a pyramidal shape (1.5 µm-base) with sharp apexes with the tip radius of curvature of ~10 nm.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com