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They did not discuss a shallower source.
A shallower source, 1700 m above sea level, also inflated and caused a small phreatic eruption.
Additionally, data from a GNSS campaign survey yielded an estimated volume change of 0.28 × 106 m3 in a shallower source just beneath the volcanic vents.
These differences are likely to relate to a contribution from the volcanic conduit, where explosive (sub-Plinian) eruptions could have involved a shallow part of the magma chamber plus the conduit, yielding a shallower source depth.
Similar(56)
To the contrary, for a shallow source, the error of simulation can be ± 1.5-fold, depending on the source location.
Since a shallow source is expected, station elevation was considered in the calculation by varying the source depth relative to each station (Williams and Wadge 1998).
It is thus proposed that the pockmarks originated from a shallow source and result from relatively recent and short-duration gas or water expulsion events.
GNSS campaign survey data suggest a volume change of 0.28 × 106 m3 in a shallow source, 1700 m above sea level, just beneath the volcanic vents.
Low-angle jets from the explosion and the estimated depth and size of a pressurized gas region suggest a shallow source inside the lava dome.
However, tiltmeter data indicated inflation from a shallow source that began 7 min before the eruption, representing a volume change estimated to be 0.38 × 106 m3.
However, those data cannot be used to detect a change in a shallow source near the summit in real time for the purpose of issuing volcanic warnings.
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