Likewise, humans with damage to the hippocampus are distinctly impaired in explicitly memorizing a sequence of stimulus locations in a serial reaction time task [4], [5].
To optimise the order of stimulus presentation within each run we used a 1-back genetic algorithm [16], which takes into consideration the number of stimuli for each condition, the length of ISI and the previously presented stimulus in order to create a sequence of stimulus presentation that optimises the BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) signal change from baseline.
Phonological working memory (PWM) tasks consist of a sequence of stimulus-encoding, maintenance and response.
The design is as follows: what the participants see on the screen is a sequence of stimuli in the shape of colored rectangles (brown, blue, yellow, pink, green and red) that are presented on either the left or the right side of a computer screen, arranged in four different conditions: center/2 colors, lateral/2 colors, center/4 colors and lateral/4 colors.
Second, when an ambiguous stimulus is preceded by a sequence of stimuli that are similar but contain unequal evidence for either interpretation (biased stimuli), influences of several preceding stimuli on current perception can be measured [9].
Since evaluating the regularity of a pattern in a sequence of stimuli would almost certainly involve working memory, we also hypothesised that this system would be dependent on prefrontal regions.
Progressively, these groups stabilize into a sequence of stimulus-activated cell-groups, after which global synaptic re-normalization causes average noise correlations to move back towards baseline levels.
In both paradigms, participants are presented with a sequence of stimuli.
The n-back task is a well-established working memory paradigm, in which participants are asked to look at a sequence of stimuli presented and indicate for each presented stimuli, if they remember seeing it previously [ 78, 79].
A sequence of stimuli (see Methods) reliably caused a sustained contraction of the muscle that resulted in a distortion and forward movement of the coxal end of the fluorescent pleural arch on the stimulated side.
Such violations can take the form of simple physical changes in the stimulus properties (e.g., [47]), abstract deviations in the relationships between stimuli (e.g., [3]), or a non- symmetrical stimulus in a sequence of symmetrical stimuli (e.g., [29]).
