For γ2 env gene, we have compared a single ω for the entire tree (the "one-ratio" model) to a "free-ratio" model (a separate ω ratio for each branch of the phylogeny) [ 18].
The Swedish Two Counties model included a separate hazard ratio for cases where one or more components were missing.
In the case of a predictor failing to meet this assumption, a partial proportional odds model provides a separate odds ratio for each k.
In each model we estimated the effects of generation with a separate hazard ratio being fitted to each replicate population by defining them as strata.
Because a separate coefficient/odds ratio was be assigned to this category it is assumed that these people have something in common with each other, and that the non-responders are not randomly distributed through the population.
A separate likelihood ratio test was performed for the linear models to investigate the existence of re-scaling effects between environments by comparing each bivariate model to a bivariate analysis where the variances in both environments were constrained to be equal.
Protein ratios were normalised using the overall median ratio for all the peptides in the sample for each separate ratio in every individual experiment.
We then normalized a given variant-specific peptide such as the 1-19 H2A.Z peptide over each of the four references to attain four separate ratios, namely a common H2A.Z numerator over four different denominators (that is, H2A.Z/H2Ac1, H2A.Z/H2Ac2, H2A.Z/H2Ac3, H2A.Z/H2Ac4).
This pathway is a good example of having an unusual combination of N/ S coordinates, with PN/PS being much lower than DN/DS, while the separate ratios are not extreme outliers by themselves.
Separate ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates for external (ω e ) and internal (ω i ) branches were estimated using HyPhy This important discrepancy in evolutionary rates between those AIV subtypes that circulate in wild birds compared to poultry can be explained in at least two ways.
