We have reported a synergistic interaction between cocaine and diphenhydramine (DPH) in a self-administration assay with monkeys.
As a second objective, we evaluated whether Δ9-THC-tolerant rats were more vulnerable to morphine in a self-administration paradigm.
How to cite this article: Groening, J. et al. In search of evidence for the experience of pain in honeybees: A self-administration study.
Adult food-limited male pmch+/+ and pmch−/− rats were tested in a self-administration paradigm where rats could lever press for 45% HF pellets (Fig. 3A).
Using a self-administration paradigm, Aston-Jones and colleagues [6], discovered that pre-treatment with the OX1R antagonist SB334867 blocks cocaine-seeking induced by discrete or contextual cues.
Similarly, in a self-administration paradigm, while co-self-administering 10 or 1 pg/kg/infusion both attenuated measures of reinstatement when oxycodone was not available, only the lower dose altered oxycodone's rewarding potency during self-administration [7].
The involvement of OX1R in these processes has been recently supported by the results of a recent study [11] where pharmacological blockade of OX1R receptors in the insula, but not in the adjacent somatosensory cortex, inhibited nicotine intake in a self-administration paradigm.
Indeed, a very large trial would be needed to demonstrate a significant reduction in PPH outcomes associated with a self-administration strategy.
However, depending on the severity of visual impairment it may not be possible for an individual to complete a self-administration of an instrument [ 27].
Because passive administration of drugs has been shown to result in smaller increases in dopamine compared with a self-administration (Leyton 2007), a webcam was used so the participants could see the highly salient 'flashback' and injection of heroin.
In the context of a laboratory study on the mechanisms of naltrexone pharmacotherapy, O'Malley et al. [ 7] administered a priming dose of alcohol and then used a self-administration paradigm that permitted participants to "buy" drinks.
