Glycosylation sites at positions 551, 218, and 206 were absent in the study viruses, suggesting a frequent alteration in sequences from this region (2, 6, 9 ) and possibly signifying the selected adaptation of H9N2 to poultry (10 ).
In the selected adaptation law generated changes of controller parameters are proportional to the reference model tracking error with an adaptation coefficient as a measure of proportionality.
But regardless of whether developmental stability and the digitization of development are selected adaptations, emerge as unselected by-products of genetic redundancy or are an unavoidable feature of the architecture of developmental networks, non-linearity of Hsp90-dependent pathways such as MAPK would both enable and explain Hsp90 control of phenotypic variability and canalization.
In addition, a Swedish study estimated the heritability of depression the degree to which individual differences in occurrence are associated with genetic differences to be around 40% for women and 30% for men, and evolutionary psychologists have proposed that the genetic basis for depression lies deep in the history of naturally selected adaptations.
We have experimentally shown here that fitness costs and benefits of sexually selected adaptations can shift due to environmental effects.
Our findings suggest that costs and benefits of sexually selected adaptations in both sexes can be profoundly altered by environmental quality.
With the help of impact evaluation tools, countries can select adaptation interventions in an evidence-based manner, and thus advance their adaptation planning processes.
The best assembly for each treatment was selected using an adaptation of the optimality criteria for de novo assembly with 454 data [ 50].
To prevent overparameterization of the model, we use only trend variables selected through a geostatistical adaptation of the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), wherein models with different subsets of trend variables are compared based on their BIC score, and the model with the lowest BIC score is optimal in terms of its explanatory power relative to its complexity.
We assessed selected studies using an adaptation of previously-derived quality criteria for assessing validity of qualitative research [ 26, 30].
