The efficiency of indirect selection depends on the correlation between a selected trait and a target trait as well as the heritability of the selected trait.
However, mutational diversification of these protein coding sequences over time may have diminished more pronounced dyad symmetry in ancestral precursors, particularly if palindromy per se was not a selected trait.
Male killing endosymbionts without explicit fitness compensation spread as a group selected trait into a metapopulation.
If, as suggested above, male barks function as a sexual display as well as an alarm call, the longer bark duration could be a sexually selected trait.
Philopatric individuals were larger than dispersers, whereas dispersal strategy did not differ according to tail length, which is a sexually selected trait.
Second, the bright ornamental plumage color of male blue tits appears to be a sexually selected trait.
It would be interesting to know how environmental heterogeneity, female condition and the mate preference pressure they create influence the evolution of a sexually selected trait.
Depending on the costs and benefits of parental investment the female condition-dependent preference for a sexually selected trait related to male parental investment may vary across populations.
This was particularly important with this population, since it has been previously demonstrated that most of the QTL detected, including those that affect abdominal fatness, a highly selected trait, were not fixed in the founder lines [ 10, 11].
Based on these observations and on the remarkable consistency of the AS switch to MADD in glioblastoma samples as well as its occurrence in the mouse models, we suggest that this event likely reflects a programmed splicing switch associated with tumour development and relates to lack of differentiation rather than to a randomly selected trait.
A review of 41 animal behavior studies found that a wide range of traits and taxa have dominance, epistasis, and genotype-y-environment interactions, although house fly courtship may remain a unique model where learning is an intersexually selected trait.
