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A secondary case of tuberculosis was defined as a contact case who had disease with the same strain of M. tuberculosis as the index case as determined by the RFLP pattern of both isolates.
The first patient with a secondary case of SARS, which presumably resulted from infection by this index patient, was not hospitalized until March 11.
The risk of acquiring a secondary case of haemophilus or meningococcal disease is greatly increased after exposure to primary infection in the household [ 44].
There is an increased risk of a secondary case of meningococcal disease amongst household contacts, which is between 450 and 1650 times that of the general population [ 3- 6].
Our technique is illustrated by three cases: a standard case involving a woman who had given birth to two children (Fig. 7), a secondary case of a patient who had undergone a previous abdominoplasty (Fig. 8), and the case of a patient who had lost a great deal of weight because of gastric banding (Fig. 9).
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As noted earlier, other studies report a secondary case rate of between <1% and 4% in contact investigations; as programs progress towards TB elimination, this rate may be further reduced.
The serial interval measures the number of days between the time of infection of a secondary case and the time of infection of its infector.
Thus, we consider the effectiveness of quarantine as the reduction of the risk of introducing "infectious" individuals into the community and, thus, additionally use the cumulative distribution of the generation time (i.e., the time from infection of a primary case to infection of a secondary case by the primary case) of length t, G t).
Eighty-nine percent of case pairs with a secondary case <15 years of age were confirmed by genotyping.
Case pairs with unconfirmed transmission were less likely to include a secondary case <15 yrs of age (OR 0.4) and a case pair in which both persons were black or African-American (OR 0.5) than pairs with confirmed transmission.
The serial interval is the time between symptom onset of an index case and symptom onset of a secondary case.
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