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However, lacking of long time constant of RC modules, there is a sample deviation in the open-circuit voltage identified and that measured.
Direct and indirect breeding values of an offspring were simulated as the average breeding value of its parents plus a Mendelian sampling deviation, sampled from a bivariate normal distribution.
An animal's breeding value was generated as the sum of the parent average and a Mendelian sampling deviation that considered inbreeding of the sire and dam.
The infinitesimal model assumes that an animal's breeding value is the sum of the parent average and a Mendelian sampling deviation that resembles the random process of sampling parental genotypes (e.g. [ 8]): where u i and N i are the additive genetic value and Mendelian sampling deviation for animal i, respectively, and s and d are the sire and dam of animal i.
For worker groups, the individual sampling deviation is practically 0 because of the large numbers of individuals in a worker group (Equation (19)).
The breeding values of non-parent animals can also be written as: a np = ½ Z p a p + m, where Z p is an incidence matrix assigning parents to each individual and (in the absence of inbreeding) is a vector of Mendelian sampling deviations.
To evaluate the measurement chain the standard error of mean (SEM) of the respective target parameter (Table 2) was computed according to 2 with n samples and a sample standard deviation σ [ 34].
Because a sire-dam mean model includes the Mendelian sampling deviations into the residuals, the variance model is used to model the full within-family variance.
In this paper, wind farm output is simulated using both the forecasted mean value and the sampled deviation.
6 The present multicentre study corrected the sample deviation associated with single facility studies.
In this case, y ' ¯ / n gives the samples deviation from the nRef.
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