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Here, synonymous (Ks) substitution rates are used as a rough proxy of duplication age.
The relative intensity of bands can provide a rough proxy of the proportional abundance of those taxa in the community.
As a rough proxy of relative protein abundance, we calculated the normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) [ 69, 70], with some slight modifications.
Aside from to the absence of data on ambient temperatures, the division in geographical zones and regions is only a rough proxy of climatological and geographical differences.
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Finally, it is shown that temperature provides only a rough proxy for residence times of solutes because of the important conduction of heat.
The data measures numbers of prescriptions, not pills, but is a rough proxy for Americans' use of opioids.
We corrected by female weight as a rough proxy for the size of the vaginal-cervix canal, which may constrain the size of the plug.
Box office receipts can serve as a rough proxy for a number of viewers, but lower-earning movies can also disseminate their ideas and aesthetics far and wide.
We used the enterprise applications, enterprise software, SaaS, CRM, sales automation, ERP, billing, meeting software, marketing animation, contact management and scheduling categories as a rough proxy for the kinds of markets on which Salesforce's new fund may be interested.
Like many economists, Hevesi uses lifetime lost income as a rough proxy for the value of a human life and given the high wages in Manhattan's financial district he makes some pretty conservative assumptions (average victim age: 40; average victim annual income: $100,000).
Sex, latitude, snout-vent length (used as a rough proxy for age), the interaction of sex and latitude, and the interaction of sex and snout-vent length were included as fixed effects, and population as a random effect.
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