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The last of the indirect neck muscles connects the base of the endosternum to the supraneural bridge of the mesothoracic endosternum, and is thus a retractor of the propectus [12].
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With the help of a retractor, the posterior aspect of the lower end of the tibia, the belly of the flexor hallucis longus, the ligaments of the ankle joint and the subtalar joint were then brought into view, and the position of the subtalar joint was demonstrated by rocking the calcaneus sideways.
Rather it would seem that this muscle is a strong retractor of the pronotum.
Among mechanisms that reverse the erectile state are disgorgement of blood from the cavernous spaces, elasticity of the walls of the spaces, and action of a retractor muscle.
Previous studies showed an increase of endotracheal tube cuff pressure after placement of a retractor.
A prospective randomised study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of protecting the lingual nerve by subperiosteal insertion of a retractor in 300 patients.
The tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle was pulled laterally with a retractor and the capsule of the CM joint was then released.
The surgical procedure in patients undergoing anterior cervical spine surgery can only be performed by placement of a retractor system in order to expose the anterior cervical spine.
We present the design of a randomized controlled trial to determine whether adjusting endotracheal tube cuff pressure after placement of a retractor during anterior cervical spine surgery will prevent postoperative dysphagia.
This can only be reliably accomplished by using a retractor system which warrants minimal changes of the operative anatomy during surgical manipulation.
The rational of MED is a muscle-splitting approach by using sequential dilators and insertion of a tubular retractor, instead of subperiostal muscle dissection in the conventional open procedure.
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