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This study describes the numerical response of ground-dwelling beetles to increasing distance from streams, with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of such a bias in reserve allocation.
From the system operator's point view, a system level spinning reserve allocation among the generation units may be more cost effective if possible.
For the reserve allocation process, an approach is used to reduce the need of fast-response reserves.
Figure 5 shows the iteration process of reserve allocation, with an increasing 50 MW capacity in each iteration, where LOLP1 is LOLP of Area 1; LOLP2 is LOLP of Area 2; LOLPs is LOLP of the overall system; R1 is the selected reserve of Area 1; R2 is the selected reserve of Area 2. Open image in new window Fig. 5 Iteration process of reserve allocation.
In this paper, we proposed a two-level iterative model that includes economic reserve allocation and composite reliability evaluation.
The upper model, global reserve allocation model among areas, is a linear programming model and can be solved by mature algorithms.
Since the intention of the reserve allocation model is to cope with a serious emergency especially during peak load period, this paper used the non-sequential (state sampling) simulation with peak load.
Our reserve allocation model is meaningful not only for obtaining an economic solution of reserve allocation, but also for keeping system reliability above a certain level.
However, redundant local reserve will reduce the economy of the global reserve allocation.
Afterwards, this paper would present and analyze the global reserve allocation model among areas.
When the transmission constraint becomes tighter, the reserve allocation would be adjusted.
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