But the required outlays might seem like a lot of cash to healthy families who previously did without insurance.
Expanding a ride-hailing service requires outlays to recruit drivers in multiple cities, which can quickly get expensive.
That is because it is expected to generate much higher profits than those from the company's book, toy or music businesses, which require outlays for warehouses, servicing and distribution.
The purchase required an outlay of $30.5 million during a brief but nerve-racking bidding session at Sotheby's auction house in New York, but rivals did drop out rather quickly.
And it is the property-rich middle class as well as the super-wealthy who are taking advantage of such schemes.Mena Chung, a 40-year-old editor of a fashion magazine, left her job last year and moved to a townhouse in Marina del Rey, California, after getting a green card under EB-5, an American programme that requires an outlay of $500,000.
The Act requires an outlay from an employer like appellant only if after the enactment date of the Act (thus when it may give full consideration to the economic consequences of its decision) the employer decides to close its plant.
A year on tour, Fleming estimated, can require an outlay of hundreds of thousands or more in travel expenses.
For an internet service provider such as TalkTalk or BSkyB to link in to the local network requires an outlay for equipment and software, and a separate negotiation over price.
The most extravagant form of insulation is external wall insulation which could require an outlay of £2,800.
Another warning sign is any tax arrangement that does not require an outlay of cash at the beginning.
Should the government just declare them to be insolvent and seize their assets, or should it pay market prices for the banks (which even at current deflated prices, would require an outlay of hundreds of billions of dollars)?
