Exact(5)
In some cases, when Netrin is detected by Unc5 it can elicit a repulsive response [60].
Similarly, Robo initiates a repulsive response via activation of several signaling pathways initiated from one of the four (CC0, CC1, CC2 and CC3) conserved domains [38] [46].
Moreover, while certain Netrin receptors (e.g. Unc5; [60]) can also elicit a repulsive response, both commissure loss and AEP defects still occur when Abl is over-expressed in a Netrin mutant.
Consistent with a repulsive response, the likelihood of optogenetic activation increases before a run-to-turn transition and decreases before a turn-to-run transition.
Overall, the oral chemosensory gene repertoire can be potentially divided into those receptors identifying nutrients (e.g. sugars, amino acids and fatty acids) which in turn would elicit a positive hedonic sensation, and receptors responding to potential undesirable substances (e.g. plat-derived toxic compounds), which in turn would trigger a repulsive response (bitter).
Similar(55)
This raised the possibility that the response of the HSN neuron to UNC-6 occurs through a stochastic process, and the neuron encodes neither an attractive nor repulsive response.
Thus the molecules and signaling pathways encoded by the neuron determine whether the axon has an attractive or repulsive response to UNC-6.
What determines whether Src family kinases will mediate an attractive or repulsive response may be encoded by intrinsic differences between neuron subtypes, for example through differential expression of receptor complexes or signalling effectors involved in gating the nature of this decision [ 55 – 57 ].
Depending on the conductivity and permeability of the cells as well as its suspending medium, the cells can exhibit attractive and repulsive response at a given electric field frequency.
For example, the repulsive response of an axon to the chemorepellent semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) can be switched to an attractive response by increasing the neuron's cGMP levels (Song et al., 1998) and pharmacological inhibition of PKG activity affects Sema3A-induced retinal growth cone responses in Xenopus laevis (Campbell et al., 2001).
Second, periodic increases in cAMP concentration in RGC growth cones are critical for their repulsive response to guidance molecules [8] [10].
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