Thus, if the observed association between cadmium and hypomethylation reflects a causal relation, effects may be common and stronger in groups with higher exposures, such as smokers and occupationally exposed workers.
This ruling, at first glance, would seem to be a sharp rebuke to Selig, but the players association, which had filed a grievance challenging the commissioner's action, contended from the start that the heavy suspension and fine were more for a public relations effect.
As indicated above, a number of bankruptcy laws contain a relation-back effect, dating the bankrupt estate as of the time of the petition, the earliest commission of an act of bankruptcy, or the cessation of payments.
In this work Bunge distinguishes causal determination from other forms of determination (structural, teleological, dialectical, and statistical), telling apart three different senses in which the term "causality" enters scientific discourse as a law stating that same causes produce same effects, as a relation between cause and effect, and as a principle stating that everything has a cause.
Moreover, these findings emphasize a close correlation between replication perturbation and the appearance of instability at CFS, as a relation of cause-effect.
Norman et al showed a consistent relation between effect size and NNTs across a wide range of plausible specifications of the MID [ 17].
"Historians undertake to arrange sequences, — called stories, or histories, — assuming in silence a relation of cause and effect," he wrote.
This statement puts the investigation of causality into the setting of a relation between cause and effect.
Causality (or a cause-effect relation) is a relation between two events: cause and effect.
This proposal assumes a relation between acute and late effects via a non-healing acute response component that directly progresses to a late effect [ 23].
