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The soil of a currently active charcoal kiln site was also analyzed and used as a reference subject to limited aging.
For the ventral view, we aligned the outlines of the brains for each subject into that of a reference subject whose brain outline is shown in Figure 1B.
Each patient had a reference subject of his own, with the exception of two patients who shared one reference subject.
Parameters for which specific data were not available were calibrated to reproduce phenotypes and measurements for a reference subject corresponding to a typical or average healthy subject.
Formally, where S i* (t) is the cumulative expected survival probability for a reference subject of similar sex, age, etc. as the cancer patient and exp (υ i (t)) is the relative survival rate (RSR) at time t.
The instantaneous probability of undergoing surgery at time t, given that a patient has not been operated yet, was expressed as: (1) h t, x = h 0 t exp ∑ j β j x j j = 1, 2, …, n where h 0 t is the hazard rate at time t for a reference subject and β j is the log hazard ratio associated with covariate j.
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Among the 668 subjects aged <30 years, there were 90 with a matched reference subject who could be successfully followed for a separate analysis.
Ethical approval was granted by the Massey University Human Ethics Committee (Southern A), Reference No. 06/67 and the subjects signed an informed consent form for participation in the study.
Here, the MM probes serve as an internal reference subjected essentially to the same hybridization law as the PM, however with modified characteristics.
Invitations to participate, along with questionnaires, were mailed to a group of breast cancer patients, 1½ year after their surgery and to a group of reference subjects.
These experiments studied the audio textures from two perspectives: on one hand, the audio textures were compared directly to reference samples in a forced choice test, and on the other hand, the audio textures were presented without a reference asking subjects to rate the representativeness for a certain location.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com