The use of European Credit Transfer system (ECTS) provides a reference standard for exchange students across the European Union (EU).
The proposed methodology could be a starting point for the definition of a reference standard for the characterization and comparison of wallboards embedding phase change materials.
Cardiac motion was simulated by an anthropomorphically moving phantom, and OCT was used as a reference standard for plaque quantification.
The Hg-to-Se molar ratio was first proposed by Ganther et al. [90] as a reference standard for Hg contamination.
MRI findings, available for all of the patients (100%%), or surgical findings, available in 181 patients (92.3 %), were used as a reference standard for the final diagnosis.
0.1 M of potassium chloride solution is commonly used as a reference standard for the purpose of calibrating a voltammetric system in aqueous solutions.
Finally, a cut-off value of 1.9 was defined using clinical criteria (symptoms, ECG and serologic evidence of myocardial injury, and angiographic exclusion of coronary artery disease) as a reference standard for establishing a diagnosis, without histological validation [16].
The dispersion-corrected DFT method combines DFT calculations by means of the VASPprogram with an empirical Van der Waals correction; it is used for the final lattice energy ranking and acts as a reference standard for force-field parameterisation.
Despite the aforementioned limitations, it is the opinion of the authors that future research in this field could use the 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines as a reference standard for the diagnosis and detection of diastolic dysfunction.
Regarding the expert's assessment, DSM-5 interpretations and use as a reference standard for delirium are a source of debate and thus may vary according to assessor [10, 11].
Here, δ value is the most common way to express the difference in isotopic composition between a sample and a reference with a ratio of R value, which is a reference standard for the substance.
