The phrase "a reference set against" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when discussing a standard or benchmark that is used for comparison or evaluation.
Example: "The study used a reference set against which all other data points were measured to ensure accuracy."
Alternatives: "a benchmark for comparison" or "a standard for evaluation".
As was mentioned before, one of the major drawbacks of using the segmentation technique in obtaining the reference signal is that the erroneous (false positive) detection of a segment would lead to a corresponding false peak in all samples run against such a reference set.
These three datasets were compared against two reference sets, (i) a reference set that comprised all proteins containing a predicted phosphorylation site (score ≥ 1) and (ii) a reference set that comprised all A. thaliana proteins.
It is all too easy to tot up numbers of reports on a particular subject, or to tally up positive references set against negative.
Large reference databases such as the Earth Microbiome Project associate marker gene distributions with a wide range of habitat and temporal information; these resources will provide a rich reference set against which new data sets can be compared.
This program performs a multiple comparison of all GO terms in a reference set of gene annotations against a subset of those annotations and indicates which GO terms are over-represented in the subset using FDR correction.
The differentially expressed genes were used to compare against a reference set of 21,218 genes on the microarray chip used in Papapetropoulos et al. (hgu133plus2).
Briefly, an aligned set of adapted sequences (capable of H2H transmissibility) was compared against a reference set (not H2H-transmissible) to reveal mutations common in the adapted set, but rare in the reference set.
Sensitivity and specificity of the weighted-scoring scheme against a reference set of 6599 Pfam domains with PDB/DSSP information.
Patients' data were normalized against a reference set generated in our laboratory, consisting of 71 healthy subjects including the patients' parents.
We tested for over-representation of generic GOSlim ontology terms using a one-tailed test against a reference set of the genes that were not differentially expressed between larval environments in the same population (FDR >5%).
