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Aliquots (700 μL) were removed from each sample prior to incubation to provide a reference sample for determination of the total amount of DNA present (referred to as input samples).
The DKB240 single GM maize was used as a reference sample for the transcript relative quantification analysis.
The measurements were obtained by utilising the photopyroelectric system as a reference sample for system characterisation with a coefficient of variation within 1% of similar values reported in the literature.
The code CER40 was applied to the nonextracted sample with a [HPyr][BF4] content of 40 wt%: it was used as a reference sample for the sake of comparison.
Also, aRNA generated from total RNA extracted from P. yoelii mixed blood stage parasites was labeled simultaneously and used as a reference sample for all hybridizations.
RNA was then converted to labeled cDNA, and hybridized to microarrays using the 5-hour time point as a reference sample for the other two time points.
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Then the raw CN is estimated by taking the ratio of AC to the corresponding average AC from a reference sample set for one specific site.
Results are expressed as a ratio of the optical density of the test sample over that of a reference sample (cut-off for positivity is 1.1).
Prior to sacrifice, a reference sample was obtained for protein determination.
For each of the nine features, log2-transformed ratios of expression relative to unfed females (F24u, arbitrarily chosen as a reference sample) were determined for the qRT-PCR data, normalized to the endogenous control gene, Ubiquitin.
We examined the eight dimensions of the SF-36 instrument, along with the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) using a reference sample in Hong Kong for standardization.
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