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Attenuation factors for the mantle and core at arbitrary frequencies were normalized to a reference frequency of 1 Hz.
The permutation alignment can be performed continuously with a reference frequency in the middle of the frequency range.
The output beat frequency from the PD is mixed with a reference frequency, f Ref. The RF mixer has a conversion loss of K mix.
Thus, to characterize a tremor source, it is important to use a reference frequency band and to take into account the duration of tremor.
To achieve a high frequency stability in the X-band downlink signal, the spacecraft is equipped with an USO as a reference frequency source.
The sampling frequency of DACs and ADCs is set to 40 MHz, while the RF front-ends support a reference frequency of 40 MHz.
Similar(46)
In the conventional eigenfilter technique a reference frequency-angle point is required, whereas in the eigenfilter technique based on a TLS (total least squares) error criterion, no reference point is required.
A weak input signal of frequency f1 is mixed with a strong reference frequency f2 from a local oscillator (LO).
The frequencies and phases can be adjusted and finely tuned by means of a phase-locked loops with a precise reference frequency [ 54].
where n nlos represents the path loss exponent for NLOS propagation, b is an optimization parameter that models the frequency dependency of the path loss exponent, f 0 is a fixed reference frequency, and (X_{sigma _{text {nlos}}}) is a zero-mean Gaussian random variable with standard deviation σ nlos in decibels representing the NLOS shadow fading [18].
The USO (Fig. 6) provides a stable reference frequency (38.22567759 MHz) for the transponder.
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