Sentence examples for a reference direction from inspiring English sources

Alignment of nanowires in a SEM image is determined by their orientation relative to a reference direction.

A polar coordinate system locates a point by its direction relative to a reference direction and its distance from a given point, also the origin.

As a reference direction, the unit vectors toward the Sun and the Earth's center, and the Earth's magnetic field are used.

Alignment can be determined through the manual measurement of the orientation of individual nanowires, by tracing the 1D nanostructures as a straight line and measuring the angle with respect to a reference direction.

The paper presents the full formulation for a crack model for analyzing the triply coupled free vibration of both Timoshenko (short) and Euler Bernoulli (long) shaft beams based on compliance approach in the presence of a planar open edge crack in an arbitrary angular orientation with a reference direction.

Fig. 5 P-wave velocities measured in various directions for the sample from site No. 7. The absolute values of directions are relative to a reference direction, because core samples were not oriented.

Statoliths bend the hairs in the direction of gravity, providing a vertical reference direction.

The methodology is based on a performance index, which cumulates the squared deviations of the system output with respect to the nearest vector to a constant reference direction.

The otolithic membrane and otoconia bend the hairs in the direction of gravity, providing the animal with a vertical reference direction; similar organs of balance, known as statocysts, are common in invertebrates.

A new electrode feeding planning method named maximum free distance was presented, in which the position and attitude of a new electrode feeding path node was optimized by maximizing the distance that the electrode is able to move along a predefined reference direction before it interferes with the blisk.

In the equivalent noise task, the observer is asked to discriminate the mean direction of dots, and the performance measure is the smallest difference in direction from a fixed reference direction (e.g., upwards) that observers can reliably report.