"[Whistleblowers] were seen as subversives or as enemies of the state, often with an (alleged) anti-American intent," says Kabisch. "This reductionist understanding coincided also with political activities on the ground when suddenly, especially in Europe, leftish critics of neoliberalism assisted whistleblowers (like Julian Assange) that are driven by an anarcho-capitalist agenda".
(While not explicitly discussing ontological emergence, Nancy Cartwright [1994, 1999] has argued influentially for a non-reductionist understanding of special science properties and mechanisms quite generally.
Preclinical medical research is increasingly adopting a systems rather than a reductionist approach to understanding and treating disease, with clinical proteomics contributing to the characterization and measurement of pathophysiological stages.
With a top-down view comes an understanding of what must be controlled to attain a network flux state, and with a reductionist view comes an understanding of the mechanisms that achieve such control.
Furthermore, substantial efforts have been made to integrate both low- and high-throughput data in various databases (Table 2), favoring the transition from a reductionist to an integrative approach to understanding viral infection.> -wrap-foot> AbbrevIMExons: Internationalional Molecular Exchange, PPI protein-protein interaction, VH virus-host.
While a reductionist approach can often help our understanding of cytoskeleton biophysics [13], the molecular composition, density, and organization of a reconstituted actin filament network composed of purified actin and myosin are vastly different from those of cytoskeletal networks in living cells [14].
"He was very opposed to reductionist approaches to understanding human behavior," said Dr. Folkman, co-author with Dr. Lazarus of a 1984 book, "Stress, Appraisal and Coping".
Whereas a reductionist approach will give important clues into the mechanisms of disease, a full understanding is likely to require studies on different levels of organization.
These latter efforts have been inhibited by the predominant biomedical and social science problem-oriented research paradigm, emphasizing reductionist approaches to understanding etiologic mechanisms of diseases and risk factors.
