Exact(1)
This can be seen in the immediate gains in mortality and life expectancy in Russia following the Gorbachev reforms that led to a reduction of drinking (Leon et al. 1997).
Similar(59)
The psychotherapy focused mainly on alcohol-related problems with a reduction of harmful drinking or total abstinence as the intervention goal; however, pharmacological treatment was also given for alcohol addiction and psychiatric disorders.
Treatment outcome was such that undertreated patients (<75% attendance of the number of sessions recommended by treatment allocation guidelines, n = 618) showed a reduction of 8.7 heavy drinking days (±12.5) while overtreated patients (>110% attendance of sessions recommended) showed a reduction of 12.5 heavy drinking days (±12.2, n = 362).
In terms of behaviour change, the intervention group showed a reduction in frequency of cannabis use at the six-month follow-up, a reduction in average weekly alcohol consumption at the six and twelve month follow-ups, and a reduction in frequency of drinking to excess twelve months following the intervention.
The intervention group also showed a reduction in frequency of cannabis use at the 6-month follow-up, a reduction in average weekly alcohol consumption at the 6 and 12 month follow-up, and a reduction in frequency of drinking to excess 12 months following the intervention.
A seminal series of experiments (McFarland, 1969) demonstrated that the reinforcing and satiating (i.e., need reduction) effects of drinking behavior, dissociable from one another, are governed by the orosensory and alimentary components of the water, respectively.
Arsenic is an environmental hazard and the reduction of drinking water arsenic levels is under consideration.
All of these factors could lead to a reduction of tolerance among IDUs for heavy patterns of drinking.
Consistent with the results on stopping drinking, the reduction of drinking due to non-health reasons was not associated with physical limitations.
Although some chronic diseases may take years to develop, cessation or reduction of drinking may stop the process and reduce morbidity or mortality consequences almost immediately.
We have solely focused on health care costs, ignoring broader costs and consequences (like damage done due to violence and accidents induced by drinking) of a reduction of excessive alcohol consumption which fall outside the scope of the health care budget.
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