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This would lead to a reduction in effectiveness of the antioxidant enzyme defense system [ 28].
With a power of 80% and a 0.05 significance level it will be possible to detect a reduction in effectiveness of 15%.
However, the use of a single drug, of which more than a billion doses could potentially be needed for disease elimination [ 5], has raised concerns that adaptation of the parasites or the hosts [ 6], a reduction in effectiveness of the drug, or even drug resistance might occur and impair the success of the control programs.
Thus, with N = 90 per per treatment group and at α = 0.05 and β = 0.20 (power 80%), we would be able to show a difference in effectiveness of 15% or more; i.e., a reduction in effectiveness from 85%to70%0% or less should be distinguishable.
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The net effect of all these factors is a reduction in the effectiveness and predictability of disinfection processes.
One possible explanation that has been proposed for such detrimental effects is that heat, ethanol, and osmotic stresses cause a reduction in the effectiveness of the plasma membranes as a semipermeable barrier and transport process, allowing leakage of essential cofactors and coenzymes required for the activity of enzymes involved in glucose catabolism and alcohol production [ 19, 26].
The increase in the PV cell temperature ultimately causes a reduction in its effectiveness.
Although GERD is multifactorial in etiology with potentially important modifying roles played by mucosal defensive factors and differences in reflux constituents, the key abnormalities in the pathogenesis of GERD are reflux of acid and pepsin from the stomach into the esophagus and a reduction in the effectiveness of esophageal acid clearance.
At low Thiele moduli, in the strong reaction-controlled limit, the presence of liquid-filled pores leads to a reduction in catalyst effectiveness of 4 7% over the range of pressures simulated.
A drawback of this scheme is the limitation on access time which leads to a reduction in the effectiveness of spectrum utilization compared to other spectrum access schemes.
They also caused a reduction in the effectiveness of water purification by interfering with various oxidants, increasing the solubility of heavy metals due to complexation with metals and adsorbed organic pollutants (Yang et al. 2007).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com