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These mutated strains also exhibited a reduction in adherence to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cell layers.
The remaining six mutant strains exhibited a reduction in adherence to D562 cells when compared to the wild type strain (range: 30% to 99.7%).
As shown in Fig. 9, AYE showed a statistically significant higher adherence to A549 human bronchial cells compared with AYE-Δblp1 and AYE-Δblp2 mutant strains, which showed a reduction in adherence by 2.9- and 1.7 fold, respectively.
However, self-reported adherence was high at baseline in the present study and this may have reduced the chances of detecting an increase in adherence (though not of detecting a reduction in adherence).
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For example, a reduction in daily adherence over time would be consistent with a short-lived positive effect of electronic monitoring on adherence.
Moreover, a 5-year multicenter cohort study of 3,976 patients by Wöckel et al. also concluded that advanced age at initial diagnosis was associated with a reduction in guideline adherence [ 43].
Addition of bile salts to BHIN resulted in a slight reduction in adherence to these cells.
However, non-linear analyses indicated that the highest scores on Conscientiousness were associated with a marked reduction in adherence scores.
Parasitized HPFH RBCs (containing 100% HbF) showed a 88% reduction in adherence to MVECs (median (range); 100 (19–1228) for AA samples vs. 12 (0.4 13) for HPFH samples, P = 0.10, N = 3) (Fig. 2a).
We found that parasitized CB RBCs showed a 28% reduction in adherence to monocytes relative to parasitized AA RBCs (median (range) number of parasitized RBCs per 100 monocytes; 180 (78–188) for AA samples vs. 129 (17–148) for CB samples, P = 0.200, N = 7) (Fig. 2c, Table S1).
Contributing to this observation might be the fact that in our in vitro system we observed a strong reduction in adherence of macrophages to plastic surfaces at the acute arthritis stage, which might cause the lower BMM and precursor cell numbers.
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